Chapter 2 No.2

La Fayette, bill relative to the accounts of, 448;

son of, letter from, 740.

Lands, Western, disposal of, 99;

report of committee, 113;

plan of land office, 115.

See Public Lands.

Langdon, John, Senator from New Hampshire, 9, 168, 251, 309,

380, 441, 520, 590;

elected President of Senate, 9;

on committee of arrangements for reception of President, 10;

address to Vice President on his taking the chair, 11;

administers the oath to the Vice President according to law, 15;

elected President of Senate pro tem., in the absence of Vice President, and President pro tem., 380;

elected President pro tem. of Senate, 441.

Latimer, Henry, Representative from Delaware, 527.

Latimer, Hugh, Senator from Maryland, 524, 591.

Lawrence, John, Representative from New York, 22, 175, 255, 315, 388;

remarks on laying duties on imports as proposed, 24;

remarks on duty on distilled spirits, 38;

favors high duty on beer, 33;

do. duty on candles, 35;

advocates duty on salt, 39, 40;

on requiring oaths of State officers, 52;

favors permanent rate of tonnage duties, 55, 56;

on the object of duties, 65;

doubts the propriety of limiting the impost bill, 78;

on duties of Secretary of Treasury, 112;

on the compensation of the President, 116;

opposes furnishing houses, &c., 116;

on the form of amending the constitution, 135;

on the location of the seat of Government, 149;

on the manner of persuading members, 154;

on the constitutional requirements for a seat of Government, 160;

on the mode and reason for admitting foreigners to citizenship, 185;

further remarks, 187;

on the validity of the full amount of the debt, 195;

on effects of stopping importation of slaves, 202;

on Pennsylvania memorial, 209;

presents the address of Society of Friends in New York against the African slave trade, 211;

on discrimination of public creditors, 213;

on a seat of Government, 244;

further remarks, 247;

moves to strike out "Potomac," and insert Baltimore, 249;

on price of public lands, 261;

further remarks, 262;

on excise bill, 264;

on vacancy in the Presidency, 268;

on officers, 271;

on the commitment of the bill for a bank of the United States, 273;

speech on the bank, 284;

on claim of John Torrey, 317;

on ratio of representation, 320;

further remarks, 322;

on the bill for the encouragement of the cod fishery, 361;

on attendance of Secretary of War, 391, 392;

on discharging committee on defeat of St. Clair, 394;

on official conduct of Secretary of Treasury, 426;

further remarks, 427.

Learned, Amasa, Representative from Connecticut, 315, 388, 455, 527.

Lee, Richard Bland, Representative from Virginia, 21, 175, 235, 317, 465, 527;

on duty on steel, 35;

on duty on nails, &c., 38;

makes report of Committee on Messages between the two Houses, 45;

favors a limited time for the impost bill to be in force, 77;

on citizenship during absence, 97;

favors discrimination in the pay of members of the two Houses of Congress, 123;

offers a resolution on the principles which should control the choice of a seat of Government, 146;

further remarks, 147;

vote, 147;

further remarks, 148;

do. on the Potomac, 153, 161;

in favor of New York for seat of Government, 163;

do. on amendments of the Senate to House bill on seat of Government, 165;

on a seat of Government, 243;

on official conduct of Secretary of Treasury, 429;

on harmony between the Eastern and Southern States, 560.

Lee, Richard Henry, Senator from Virginia, 9, 254;

on committee on rules in cases of conference, 1st Congress, 10;

do. on manner of electing chaplains, 10;

do. on rules of business, 10;

appointed on Judiciary Committee, 1st Congress, 10;

on committee for conducting reception of President, 11;

on committee on titles of President and Vice President, 13.

Leonard, George, Representative from Massachusetts, 21, 175, 250, 388, 604.

Lewis, --, counsel for petitioners relative to seat of Albert Gallatin, 449;

speech of, 449, 452.

Liberty street, New York, name of, 563.

Lighthouses, &c., bill for the establishment of, passed, 129.

Lincoln, Benjamin, votes for, as Vice President, 10.

Linn, William, elected chaplain of the House, 46.

List of Persons employed in Treasury Department reported to the House, 406;

do. employed in War Department, reported to the House, 406.

Livermore, Samuel, Representative from New Hampshire, 46, 175, 255, 315, 388;

considers motion to lay duty on African slaves improper at that time, 74;

on the time of extending the impost bill, 77;

on the Executive Departments, 86;

on removals, 89;

on the power to remove officers, 107;

on the power of originating bills, 110;

on a salary for the President, 117;

on form of amending the constitution, 135;

motion relative to the amendment of the constitution touching freedom of conscience, 138;

on the doctrine of instruction, 142;

further remarks, 143;

on funding the debts of the States 192;

do. on the reduction of the debt from its nominal value, 196;

on discrimination among the public creditors, 227;

on a seat of Government, 247;

on excise bill, 265;

on excise officers, 271;

on vacancy in the Presidency, 267, 268;

on the bill for the encouragement of the cod fisheries, 360;

on American coins, 371;

further remarks, 371;

against attendance of Secretary of War, 391;

on official conduct of Secretary of Treasury, 428;

Senator from New Hampshire, 441, 520, 590.

Livingston, Edward, Representative from New York, 604;

on salary for members of Congress, 636;

on the treaty with Great Britain, 640;

on the rights of the House relative to treaties, 675.

Locke, Matthew, Representative from North Carolina, 455, 527, 604.

Lyman, Samuel, Representative from Massachusetts, 604;

on rights of the House relative to treaties, 658;

on the execution of the British treaty, 706.

Lyman, William, Representative from Massachusetts, 455, 527, 604;

on the flag of the Union, 461;

opposes the duties on manufactured tobacco and refined sugar, 507;

on the President's speech, 534;

on reference of letter of Secretary of War, 569;

on intruders on Indian lands, 587;

on the reports of the debates, 632;

on rights of the House relative to treaties, 670;

on the admission of Tennessee, 755.

M

McDowell, Joseph, Representative from North Carolina, 455, 528;

against duty on sugar, 518;

against raising a force for the protection of a S.W. frontier, 517;

on admitting the delegate south of the Ohio, 529;

on the President's speech, 535, 539;

on amending the naturalization laws by requiring foreigners to renounce their slaves, 559;

on the right to Indian lands within a State, 580;

on difficulties with the Indians, 587.

McIntosh, Lachlan, nominated as naval officer at Savannah, 17.

Maclay, William, Senator from Pennsylvania, 9, 168, 251;

appointed on Judiciary Committee, first Congress, 10;

on committee on future disposition of papers of late Secretary of Congress, 10;

on committee on rules in cases of conference, first Congress, 10;

on manner of electing chaplains, 10;

on rules of business, 10.

Maclay, Samuel, Representative from Pennsylvania, 604.

Macon, Nathaniel, Representative from North Carolina, 388, 455, 527, 604;

on the right to Indian lands within a State, 579;

on the resolution relative to the heirs of Count de Grasse, 583;

on establishing Indian trading houses, 625, note, 625;

on the admission of Tennessee, 756.

Madeira Wine, proposed duty on, 81;

duty on, 32.

Madison, James, Jr., Representative from Virginia, 21, 175, 255, 315, 388, 455, 527, 604;

informs the Senate that the House agrees that the notifications of the election of President and Vice President be made by the former, 10;

on a committee to report a bill regulating oaths, 22;

speech introducing the measure for imposing impost and tonnage duties, 23;

his manner of proceeding, note, 23;

further speech on laying duties on imports, 25;

on duty on distilled spirits, 28; on duty on molasses, 29;

on duty on salt beef, 34;

on duty on beer, 34;

proposes duty on hemp, 36, 38;

on duty on nails, &c., 38;

on duty on salt, 40;

opposes duty on teas, 42;

on drawback on distilled spirits, 43;

on high duties, 44;

reports an answer to Washington's Inaugural, 47;

on tonnage duties and their equality, 50;

on tonnage duties, 53, 55;

do. discrimination of, 56;

on the scale of duties proposed, 60, 62;

where the burden of duties would operate, 64;

opposes title for President as hostile to spirit of the Government, 67, 68;

thinks arguments against duty on molasses inconsistent, &c., 71;

further remarks, 71;

remarks on the motion to lay a duty on African slaves imported, 75, 76;

moves a limitation clause to the impost bill-respecting the time of its continuance, 77;

remarks on the same, 77, 80;

withdraws his motion to limit impost bill and introduces another, 83;

on organization of the Treasury Department, 84;

moves the organization of three departments, 86;

on power of President to remove officers, 86;

further remarks, 87;

remarks on citizenship, 97;

on the admission of Rhode Island, 101;

on the power of removal of officers, 104;

on the power to report plans of revenue by the Secretary of the Treasury, 112;

on the compensation of the President, 117;

on the compensation of the Vice President, 121;

thinks discrimination in the pay of Senators and Representatives necessary, 124;

moves a discrimination in the pay of members of the two Houses, 131;

on the form of amendment of the constitution, 134;

on the amendment to the constitution relative to the freedom of conscience, 137;

further remarks, 138;

on the right of instruction, 139;

on the principles which should govern the selection of a seat of Government, 147;

further remarks, 147, 148, 151;

on deliberation in choosing the seat of Government, 154;

on the place for a seat of Government, 155;

further remarks, 160; constitutional objection, 164;

further remarks on amendments of the Senate, 166;

further remarks, 167;

on census of United States, 181;

on residence as essential to naturalization, 186;

on the constitutional privilege to import African slaves, 201;

further remarks favoring the commitment of the Quaker memorial as harmless, 204;

on propriety of committing Pennsylvania memorial, 211;

moves to discriminate between original creditors and present holders of public debt, 205;

do. speech thereon, 205, 223;

announces the death of Dr. Franklin, 239;

on a seat of Government, 245;

further remarks, 248;

on answer to President's message, 258;

on excise bill, 264;

on vacancy in the Presidency, 268;

on the commitment of the bill for a bank of the United States, 273;

do. speech on the bank, 274, 306;

on the bill for the encouragement of the cod fisheries, 361;

on attendance of the Secretary of War to report, 391, 392;

on the case of General St. Clair, 393;

further, 394;

on official conduct of Secretary of Treasury, 431;

on the French emigrants from St. Domingo, 462;

on the relief of the French emigrants, 474;

on the preparations for the Algerine War, 475, 477, 479;

speech on the commerce of the United States, 458, 465, 469;

on duties on tobacco and sugar, 510;

against the bill to increase the army, 516;

on the delegate south of the Ohio, 531;

on indemnification to sufferers by Pennsylvania insurgents, 549;

on amending naturalization laws, 555;

on the exclusion of titled foreigners from citizenship, 557;

on the renunciation of nobility for citizenship, 562, 565;

on reference of letter of Secretary of War, 567;

on the Randall bribery case, 610;

moves a resolution on post roads, 637;

on the pay of the Speaker, 638;

on the call for papers on the British treaty, 640;

on rights of the House relative to treaties, 648;

on the resolutions relative to the refusal of the President to furnish papers on the treaty with Great Britain, 696;

on the execution of the treaty with Great Britain, 702.

Malbone, Francis, Representative from Rhode Island, 457, 527, 604.

Malt, duty on fixed, 38.

Marshall, Humphrey, Senator from Kentucky, 591.

Martin, Alexander, Senator from North Carolina, 442, 520, 591.

Maryland, offers ten miles square to Congress for a seat of Government, 81;

vote for President, 10, 385.

Mason, Stevens T., Senator from Virginia, 591;

on answer to the President's speech, 594.

Massachusetts.-Vote for President, 10, 385.

Matthews, George, Representative from Georgia, 175, 255.

Matthews, James, elected doorkeeper, 10.

Maxwell, Cornelius, appointed messenger by the Senate, 10.

Mebane Alexander, Representative from North Carolina, 455, 527.

Members of the House.-See Representation.

Mercer, John Francis, Representative from Maryland, 320, 360;

on the protection of the frontiers, 348;

on the stamp of American coins, 372;

on the publication of the debates, 379;

on official conduct of Secretary of Treasury, 427;

on the legality of the sequestration of British debts, 484.

Message, &c., between the two Houses-report of House Committee, 45;

from the President, 167;

of the President, 251;

from the President, on commerce with England, 308;

of the President, first session, second Congress, 310, note, 311;

of the President to Senate, on fugitives from justice, 312;

from the President on defeat of St. Clair, 330;

of the President, with a veto of the apportionment bill, 374;

of the President to second session of second Congress, 381;

from the President, on Spanish interference, 389;

of the President to first session of third Congress, 442;

of the President, on foreign relations, 443;

of President, relative to South-western frontier, 447;

from the President, relative to foreign relations, 454;

of the President, to second session of third Congress, 520;

of President to the House, declining to furnish papers relative to the treaty with Great Britain, 692, note, 692;

message, see Address.

Milledge, John, Representative from Georgia, 396, 605;

on the reduction of the army, 407;

on the rights of the House relative to treaties, 685.

Milton, John, votes for, as Vice President, in 1789, 10.

Mint, establishment of.-Bill from the Senate to establish a mint considered, 371;

moved to strike out clause requiring a representation of the head of the President, &c., on the coins, and insert emblems of Liberty, &c., 371;

the practice of monarchs not to be regarded 371;

the emblems of Liberty more acceptable to the people, 371;

no consequence whether the head of Liberty or that of the President is on the coins, 371;

motion carried, 371;

disagreement of the Senate, 371;

moved that the House recede, 371;

no friend of the President could refuse such a tribute to him, 372;

compared with the other representation, 372;

tyrants' heads have been stamped on the coin, 372;

republican cautions not a subject to be treated with levity, 372;

motion to recede lost, 373;

facts relative to the coinage of cents, 546;

committee of examination, &c., appointed, 547.

Mitchell, Stephen Mix, Senator from Connecticut, 442, 524.

Molasses, proposed duty on, 29;

duty on, 31;

duty on considered, 69;

decided, 73.

See Duties on imports.

Monroe, James, Senator from Virginia, 251, 380, 441.

Montgomery, William, Representative from Pennsylvania, 456, 528;

on Indian trading houses, 586.

Moore, Andrew, Representative from Virginia, 21, 175, 255, 315, 388, 455, 527, 604;

on duty on hemp, 36, 37;

opposes duty on salt as unjust, 39;

opposes discrimination in the pay of members of the two Houses, 124;

on the reduction of the army, 410;

on the execution of the British treaty, 727.

Morris, Robert, Senator from Pennsylvania, 9, 168, 251, 309, 380, 441, 520.

Muhlenberg, Frederick A., Representative from Pennsylvania, 21, 175, 255, 315, 388, 455, 527, 604;

elected Speaker, 21;

speech on thanks tendered him by the House, 308;

chosen Speaker, 455;

do. note, 455;

against a duty of two cents on sugar, 511;

answer to thanks of House, 590.

Muhlenberg, Peter, Representative from Pennsylvania, 21, 175, 255, 315, 388, 455, 527;

on committee for reception of President, 27;

appointed on a committee to draft a bill relative to the importation of African slaves, 84.

Murray, William Vans, Representative from Maryland, 320, 388, 456, 527, 604;

does a resignation produce a vacancy, 329;

on the bill for the encouragement of the cod fisheries, 351;

further remarks, 356;

on attendance of Secretary of War, 392;

on discharging committee on defeat of St. Clair, 395;

on the reduction of the army, 414;

on the relief of the Trench emigrants, 474;

on conducting the Algerine war, 478;

against continuing the embargo, 501;

on force to protect S. W. frontier, 517;

on the President's speech, 532, 536;

on thanks to Gen. Wayne, 544;

on the renunciation of nobility for citizenship, 562;

for the reference of letter of Secretary of War, 566, 567;

on the right to Indian lands within a State, 578;

on Indian trading houses, 586; on intruders on Indian lands, 588;

on the answer to President's speech, 606;

on the attempt at bribery by Robert Randall, 610, 612;

statement of the case of Randall and Whitney, 617;

on establishing Indian trading-houses, 625;

on the support of existing establishments, 627, 628;

on the pay of the Speaker, 639;

opposes the resolution calling for papers on British treaty, 640.

N

Nails and Spikes, debate on duty on, 38; do. fixed, 38.

Naturalization Laws.-The bill under consideration, 184;

motion to strike out "and shall have resided in the U. S. one year," 184;

it was policy to let aliens come in and take the oath, and hold lands without any residence, 184;

some security for their fidelity and allegiance was required, 185;

without a residence the terms are too cheap, 185;

policy of European nations, 185;

does not apply here, 185;

we should be inconsistent by prescribing too long a term for the enjoyment of our privileges, 185;

foreign merchants could evade additional duties on foreign vessels unless residence was required, 185;

the reason of admitting foreigners is to encourage emigration and people our large tract of country, 185;

a long term may restrain emigration, 185;

cautions necessary to guard against abuses, 186;

the object is not merely to swell the catalogue of the people, but add to the wealth and strength of the community, 186;

the admission step by step is a nice question, but residence should be required, 186;

a sufficient residence should be required for the privilege of electing and being elected, 186;

many of the States admit aliens step by step, 186;

doubtful if the constitution authorizes Congress to say on what terms aliens may hold land in the respective States, 186;

Congress possesses power only to make a uniform rule of naturalization, 186;

if the motion prevails, vagrants, paupers, and outcasts of Europe will find too easy an admission to citizenship, 187;

some probation necessary and testimonials of a proper and decent behavior, 187;

no creditable man can think such terms difficult, 187;

grand jury or district courts could determine on the character of the man, 175;

excluding bad men impracticable, 187;

propriety of residence doubted, 187;

every person, rich or poor, adds to our wealth and strength, 187;

citizenship can be made progressive, 187;

policy of settling the vacant territory by emigration doubtful, 188;

some probation requisite, 188;

some classes should be received with encouragement, 188;

others excluded, 188;

naturalization progressive in England, 189;

in some States an act of the Legislature is now required-this is sufficiently easy, 189;

unless some residence is required confusion may arise, 189;

no person should hold land without a residence and an intention of becoming a citizen, 189;

story of voting in Philadelphia, 189;

two years inserted in the bill, note, 190;

act to establish a uniform rate of naturalization considered, 555;

moved to insert the words "attached to a Republican form of government," 555;

or "attached to the Constitution of the United States," 555;

both superfluous, 555;

word Republican very indefinite, 555;

do. used in the constitution, 555;

difficult for many citizens to find two reputable witnesses, 555;

other amendments proposed, 555;

do. to strike out word "moral" in the words good moral character, 556;

the word too strict, 556;

the whole useless, 556;

moved to exclude from citizenship any emigrant who had borne a title of nobility, 557;

reasons for the same, 557;

better be required to renounce every thing contrary to the spirit of the constitution, 557;

nothing more grateful to a republican than to see them renounce their titles, 557;

the title is destroyed when the allegiance is broken, 558;

if we cannot manufacture a commodity at home, it is unlawful to import it from abroad, 558;

yeas and nays threatened, 558;

moved to amend by requiring the emigrant to renounce the possession of all slaves, 558;

not a proper connection with the subject, 558;

the amendment unnecessary, as slavery was declining fast as possible, 558;

the amendment a retaliation upon those who call for the yeas and nays, 559;

both amendments unnecessary, 559;

what right had the House to say one class of people shall not have that kind of property which others have? 559;

amendment withdrawn, 560;

further discussion relative to renouncing titles of nobility, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565;

amendment adopted, 566.

Naval Establishment, on a permanent, 481.

Navy, officers of.-Report of the committee on the memorial of officers of the Navy relative to a difference of pay compared with the officers of the army, 239;

justice of their claims, 240;

origin of commutation, 240;

the grounds of their claims, 240;

circumstances which led to a distinction, 240;

no precedent for extending commutation to officers of the navy, 240;

examination of the grounds of these demands, 241;

difference between officers of the army and navy, 241;

claims strictly just, 241.

Neville, Joseph, Representative from Virginia, 456, 527.

New, Anthony, Representative from Virginia, 455, 527, 606.

New Hampshire, vote for President, 10, 385.

New Jersey, vote for President, 10, 385.

New York City Corporation, vote of thanks to, 250.

New York, vote for President in 1793, 385.

Nicholas, John, Representative from Virginia, 455, 528, 606;

on the French emigrants from St. Domingo, 463;

on the relief of, 474;

speech on the commerce of the United States, 468;

on the power of the Algerines, 476, 478;

on the advance of money to France, 514;

on the bill to protect the South-western frontiers, 517;

on the President's speech, 532, 536, 538;

on indemnification to sufferers by the Pennsylvania insurgents, 541, 548;

on amending the naturalization laws, 555, 556;

on exclusion of titled foreigners from citizenship, 558;

on the reference of a letter of the Secretary of War, 566;

on the reduction of salaries, 572;

on the right to Indian lands within a State, 577;

on the Randall bribery case, 615;

on the resolution relative to bribery, 621;

on the support of existing establishments, 628;

on a stenographer for the House, 631;

on a salary for members of Congress, 636;

on rights of the House relative to treaties, 641;

on the execution of the British treaty, 710;

on the military and naval appropriations, 766.

Niles, Nathaniel, Representative from Vermont, 317, 388, 527;

on the Electoral College, 333;

on the flag of the Union, 461.

Non-intercourse with Great Britain, see Great Britain.

North Carolina, vote for President in 1793, 385.

O

Oaths, a bill to regulate the time and manner of administering certain, reported, 11;

administered to Vice President and each Senator, 15;

to Secretary of Senate, 15;

leave to bring in a bill, in the House-form of, for the members of the House, 22;

of President-proceedings of the House after its administration, 46.

Amendments of the Senate to the bill regulating the time and manner of taking oaths, 51;

whence is derived the power to oblige members of State Legislatures to take this oath? 51;

no doubt respecting the powers of Congress on the subject, 51;

if left to State Legislatures, different laws might be passed, and different degrees of obligation required, 51;

the power appears to be generally conceded; the principle of policy should be examined, 51;

not a suitable time; it argues a jealousy in the national Government, 52;

the States should comply with an act of Congress, 52;

Congress has not the power to carry it into effect, 52;

Congress has such power, 52;

the policy depends on a variety of circumstances, 52;

it may be considered an interference with the State Governments, 53;

no reason offered by the Senate for concurrence, 53;

a general provision better than particular ones, 53;

no other Legislature capable to make one, 53;

it is the duty of the House to detail the general principles laid down by the constitution, and reduce them to practice, 53.

O'Brien, Richard, petition of, 389.

Officers, removal of, 102;

debate on the power of the President, 103.

See Executive Departments.

Orr, Alexander D., Representative from Kentucky, 457, 528.

Otis, Samuel Alyne, elected Secretary of the Senate, 10.

P

Page, John, Representative from Virginia, 21, 175, 317, 388, 477, 546, 604;

presides in Committee of Whole, 22, 24, 27, 33, 37, 39, 41, 42;

on application to amend the constitution, 48;

on tonnage duties-experience of Virginia, 56;

presides in Committee of the Whole, 57, 58, 71;

opposed to all titles for the President, 66, 68;

on the admission of Rhode Island, 101;

remarks on the Treasury Department, 109;

further remarks, 110;

on the compensation of President, &c., 116;

further remarks, 119;

do. on Vice President, 122;

on amount of compensation of members, 129, 132;

on the right of Instruction, 139;

do. further, 143;

on the admission of reporters for the press, 180;

on making easy terms of naturalization, 185, 187;

on the public debt, 193;

urges commitment of Pennsylvania memorial, 210;

on discrimination among the public creditors, 221;

do. further remarks, 228;

on a seat of Government, 247;

speech on ratio of Representation, 325;

a bill for the encouragement of the cod fisheries, 364;

on the head to be stamped on American coins, 371, 372;

on discharging committee in case of St. Clair, 395;

on reference to the Committee of the Whole of the resolutions relative to the official conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, 420;

on the exclusion of titled foreigners from citizenship, 557;

on reference of letter of Secretary of War, 570;

on the reduction of salaries, 573;

on the support of existing establishments, 627;

on the pay of the Speaker, 638;

on the rights of the House relative to treaties, 664;

on the execution of the British treaty, 726.

Paine, Elijah, Senator from Vermont, 591.

Paine, Wingate, Representative from New Hampshire, 455, 527.

Paris.-Letter of President of Commonalty on death of Dr. Franklin, 256.

Parker, Jonathan, Representative from Virginia, 21, 175, 259, 388;

appointed by House to make list of votes for President when counted in the Senate, 22;

appointed on Committee of Supplies, 46;

appointed of Committee of Conference on subject of title of President-because it is all repugnant to republicanism, 67;

moves a duty on importation of African slaves, 73, 74;

withdraws motion for duty on African slaves, 76;

appointed on committee to draft a bill relative to the importation of African slaves, 84;

on duties on distilled spirits, 263;

further remarks, 264.

Parker, Josiah, Representative from Virginia, 456, 527, 604;

on the reduction of the army, 399;

further remarks, 405;

on the commerce of the United States, 472;

against the embargo laws, 499;

on the President's speech, 539;

on resolutions of thanks to General Wayne, 543;

on Indian trading houses, 585;

on the address to the President, 605, 606;

on establishing Indian trading houses, 625, 633.

Partridge, George, Representative from Massachusetts, 22, 175, 255;

on duty on molasses, 31;

on duty on hemp, 36, 37.

Paterson, William, Senator from New Jersey, 9, 168;

appointed on Judiciary Committee, first Congress, 10;

on committee to prepare answer to Washington's Inaugural, 12;

resigns his seat in Senate, 251.

Patton, John, Representative from Delaware, 457, 604.

Pennsylvania.-Vote for President, 10, 385.

Pennsylvania Insurgents.-The recommendation of compensation to the sufferers by the Pennsylvania insurgents considered, 546;

proposed to confine it to officers of the Government, 547;

sound policy required indemnification of the sufferers, 547;

the whole affair but a trifle, not twenty thousand dollars, 547;

there should be no discrimination, 547;

it should be confined to persons who had suffered in defence of Government, 547;

a private person more entitled to indemnification than revenue officers who are paid for their services, 547;

let the sufferers have recourse to the laws, 547;

Government equally bound to make compensation to those who suffered by British soldiers, 548;

amendment rejected, 548;

on the bill before the House, immediate indemnity, objected to, 548;

if you pay the claims you cut off civil process, 549;

it becomes a precedent, 549;

the measure will encourage a spirit to suppress insurrections, and it may encourage insurrections, 549;

resolution is unsound policy, 549;

the subject should be postponed to another session, 550;

no civil process will lie in the case, 550;

the amendment to confine the damages to citizens personally aiding or assisting the officers, considered, 551;

it becomes the honor and justice of the Legislature to indemnify them, 551;

the point of law considered relative to civil actions, 552;

the British had practised indemnification to the Royalists, 553;

previous question carried, 553;

other amendments added, 554.

Person, Thomas, petition of, see Indian lands within States, &c.

Petition, of Catharine Greene, 335;

of William Dunbar, in behalf of the heir of George Galphin, 383;

of Richard O'Brien, 339;

of Warner Mifflin, on subject of negro slavery, 397;

to make Hudson, N. Y., port of entry, 410;

of Conrad Laub, respecting the seat of Albert Gallatin in the Senate, 442;

from the Quakers of Rhode Island, relative to the slave trade, 446.

Philadelphia.-Letter from Commissioners offering Congress the Court House, 251.

Pickens, Andrew, Representative from South Carolina, 457, 528.

Pinkney, William, resignation of, 320.

Post Office.-Bill to establish post offices and post roads, 249;

moved to empower Postmasters General to establish certain roads under the direction of the President, 249;

reasons for opposing a concurrence in this amendment, 249;

reasons in favor of the amendment, 249.

Franking Privilege under consideration, 330;

it is presumed no gentleman will ask a member to frank for him, 330;

if abuses arise, Legislature can correct them, 330;

to take away privilege of franking would level a deadly stroke at the freedom of the press, 331;

dangerous to take any measures that may stop the channels of public information, 331;

franking granted, not as a personal benefit, but for the good of the constituents, 331;

means of bringing much information to the House, 331;

some restrictions can be put on it, 331;

equally as objectionable in the hands of the President, 331;

so long as it is advantageous to citizens it should not be relinquished, 331;

motion to withdraw the privilege from members of both Houses, 332;

the security of the people is that their Representatives are subject to the same regulations as themselves, 332;

Congress enjoys only such rights as are mentioned in the charter, 332;

people view this privilege with a jealous eye, 332;

example of Great Britain shows to what an enormous height the abuse can be carried, 332;

the privilege is unequal in its operation, 332;

the diminution of revenue not a sufficient reason for abolishing the privilege, 332;

revenue a secondary consideration, 332;

if this privilege be taken away, the avenues of information cut off, 333;

various other considerations in favor of retaining the privilege considered, 333;

bill passed, 335.

Post Roads from Maine to Georgia, resolution relative to a survey of, &c., considered, 637;

the business of the General Government to undertake the improvement of roads, 637;

present roads greatly improved by adopting the resolution, 637;

not right to apply revenues of post office to this object, 637;

resolution offered by Mr. Madison, 637.

Potts, Richard, Senator from Maryland, 384, 447, 524, 591.

Presidency, Vacancy in.-Bill declaring what officer, in case of vacancy in the offices of President and Vice President, shall act as President, 267;

it must be an officer of the United States by the constitution, 267;

shall he hold for the remainder of the term, or only until a new election? 267;

Secretary of State, 267;

President of the Senate, pro tem., moved, 267;

this last motion repugnant to the constitution, 267;

the matter is left with the Legislature, 267;

Chief Justice a suitable officer, 268;

objections to different officers, 268;

delay urged, 268;

unnecessary, 268;

considerations respecting various officers, 269;

the contingency might not happen more than once in eight hundred years, 270;

further objections to Secretary of State, 270;

motion to strike out clause providing the President of the Senate, pro tem., or the Speaker of the House shall act as President, in case of a vacancy, 334;

subject of not immediate importance, 334;

objected to as not connected with other parts of the bill, 334;

necessary the business should be decided, 334;

bill unconstitutional-neither the President, pro tem., nor Speaker, nor officers of the government in the sense contemplated, 334;

Speaker no more an officer of the government than any member of the House, 334;

unconstitutionality further considered, 334.

President, vote for, in 1789, 10;

in 1793, 385;

compensation of, 16, 17;

message on disputes between some of the States and the Indian tribes, 16;

on the rejection by the Senate of the nomination of Benjamin Fishbourn, 17;

meets the Senate in consultation, 18;

note, 18;

message to Senate on hostilities of Wabash Indians, 19;

on ratification of treaties with Indian tribes, 19;

message communicating the death of the Dauphin of France to the Senate, 20;

on adjournment of Congress, 20;

his reply to the address of the House, 57;

his power to remove officers, 86;

declared by vote, 90;

compensation of, 116;

debate on, 116;

salary fixed, 120;

message to House, 167;

his reply to address of the Senate, 170;

his term of office, when commenced, 171;

his message to the Senate on the accession of Rhode Island to the Union, 172;

on conferring a brevet commission on a French officer, 172;

message from, to the Senate, 173;

note, 173;

question of consultation addressed to the Senate, 173;

message to Senate on treaty with Indian tribes, 173;

his reply to address of the House, 179;

message to Senate on surrender of Western posts by the British, 254;

reply to answer of the Senate, 313;

reply to address of House, 316;

reply to Senate's address, 383;

inaugural address at second election, 387;

counting votes for, 418;

answer to address of the Senate, 444;

reply to address of the House, 457;

reply to Senate's address, 523;

reply to House address, 542;

message to Senate with colors of French Republic, 597;

answer to address of the House, 597;

reply to address of the House, 609;

message to the House with the French Flag, 616;

answer to French Minister on presentation of French Flag, 617;

message relative to intruders on Cherokee lands, 635.

Preston, Francis, Representative from Virginia, 455, 527, 606;

on the execution of the British treaty, 740.

Protection of American commerce, see Commerce;

do. of frontiers, see Frontiers.

Protective duties, how far sustained by the debate on the impost bill, note, 84.

Protest, or dissent of any Senator-motion to grant right to enter on the journal of the Senate-negatived, 16.

Provost, Samuel, elected chaplain of the Senate, 11.

Public lands, debate on resolutions respecting the disposal of the land in the Western territory, 99;

speedy measures necessary to be taken, 99;

a land office should be opened to sell the land in small quantities, 99;

great numbers of people are on the ground waiting to purchase, 100;

they will move to Spanish Territory, or take possession of ours without leave, 100;

other reasons showing the necessity of doing something, 100;

this business should not be precipitated, 101;

some early measures necessary, 101.

Resolution to establish a land office and fix terms of granting vacant lands in the west, considered, 113;

character of the emigration, 114;

adhesion to the Union, 115;

organization of a land office, 115;

its system of business, 115;

resolution adopted, 116;

on a resolution to establish a land office at the seat of Government, &c., 260;

details of the business, 260;

better to settle general principles, 260;

perfect liberty in selection by purchasers most for the interest of the Government, 260;

reasons against indiscriminate location, 260;

bad effects of, 261;

manner of laying out land by late Congress, 261;

moved that the price thirty cents per acre be struck out, 261;

various prices proposed, 261;

motion lost, 261;

moved-the price be not less than thirty cents per acre, 261;

the policy of the Government is to fix a price so reasonable that any can pay, 261;

relative value of lands in several States, 261;

no discretion for determining the price should be left to any one, 262;

considerations for and against fixing a price, 262;

practice of some States, 262.

Q

Question, the previous-note, 101;

ordered, 102.

Quorum, at first session of Senate when formed, 9.

R

Ramsey, David, petition to the House on eligibility of Wm. Smith, 33.

Randall, Robert, charged with an attempt at bribery, 609;

arrest of, 611;

trial before the House, 618.

Read, George, Senator from Delaware, 10, 251, 309, 380;

resigns his seat in the Senate, 442.

Read, Jacob, Senator from South Carolina, 591;

on answer to President's speech, 595.

Read, John, Representative from Massachusetts, 604;

on the rights of the House relative to treaties, 671.

Reception of President, Senate Committee on, 10;

of President, report of Senate Committee thereon, 11;

of committee on conducting the same, 11;

report of House Committee on, 33;

report of committee appointed for that purpose, 44.

Reduction of Salaries of Executive officers, clerks, &c., and Senators and Representatives, &c., motion for a committee to bring in a bill, 571;

a subject of grievous complaint among citizens, 571;

salaries exorbitant, 571;

other circumstances considered, 571;

experience of members of the House, 572;

the motion unnecessary, 573;

the question arises from misapprehension, 574;

the pay of members considered, 574;

of Speakers, 574;

of Senators, 574;

difference between pay of Senators and Representatives, 575,

note, 575;

present pay small enough, 575;

motion negatived, 575.

Report of House Committee on messages, &c., between the two Houses, 45;

of House Committee of Elections on proceedings relative to the petition of David Ramsey, 45;

of House Committee on title of President, 47;

of committee on unfinished business of last session, 171;

of Special Committee on Quaker memorial, 238;

of Committee of the whole House on Quaker memorial, 239;

note, 239;

on memorial of the officers of the navy, 239;

on mode of examining votes for President, 417;

on admission of the delegate south of the Ohio, 530;

on proceedings in the Randall bribery case, 614.

Reporters, their admission to the House, 180;

blunders of, 181.

Representation, ratio of, moved there be one Representative for every thirty thousand inhabitants, and motion to strike out "thirty," considered, 320;

sense of the States considered, 321;

one to thirty thousand will not give more than an adequate number, 321;

objection on account of expense, considered, 321;

citizens of United States expect this ratio, 321;

thirty should be struck out, 321;

difficult to do business if representation too numerous, 321;

people will be satisfied if ratio is higher, 321;

it will increase expense and the number of public officers, 322;

two points to be considered, viz., what is the proper number to constitute a representative body for the United States, and what ratio will leave the fewest fractions in the States, 322;

thirty-five thousand leave fewest fractions, 322;

an adequate number was the great object, 322;

future sessions will be shorter, 322;

existence of the Union may depend on fulness of representation, 322;

doubtful if a large representation was less liable to corruption than a small one, 322;

philosophical examination of the principle of representation, 322;

the opinion advanced for reducing the representative branch is a dangerous error, 323;

situation of the country calls for great extension of the principle of representation, 323;

other points considered, 323;

the will of the people should be regarded, 324;

expenses, delays, and other objections considered, 324;

is not Congress precluded from exercising any discretion in the matter by the constitution? 324;

is it expedient to do it? 324;

objects of State and Congressional assemblies, 324;

leave the restriction of the number of members to the people, or to some future Congress, 325;

Congress being the creature of the people should not lessen the importance of the people or exclude them from a full share in their own government, 325;

one man cannot know the wishes of thirty-five thousand, therefore the people should not be desired to accede to that ratio, 325;

it is said the President secured the present ratio to the people, and shall we be less solicitous than the President? 326;

no danger of disorders from a large number, 326;

if more wisdom is brought into the House by a larger number, is not also more folly, 326;

the Senate, a smaller body, is as competent as the House, 326;

if we go on theory the representation should be enlarged, 327;

no propriety in comparing the government to that of Great Britain, 327;

no danger of corruption from a large number, 327;

the constitution secures independence of legislature, 327;

a numerous representation tends to weaken, if not destroy, the Government, 327;

the proposed amendment to the constitution should be a guide to the House, 328;

instability of State governments arises from mode of election, 328;

other objections considered, 328;

on the resolution that the representation be one to thirty thousand, adopted, 328.

Apportionment bill, considered, 374;

the people expect one representative for thirty thousand inhabitants, according to the constitution, 375;

grounds of this expectation, 375;

the inequality of representation suggested to result from this ratio is more apparent than real, 375;

objection that the relative influence of the States should not be resorted to in the apportionment of representatives, considered, 375;

the inconveniences of the rule in their greatest extent can never be very great, 375;

the increasing representation considered, with a view to the necessity of establishing in this branch a permanent sympathy with the landed interest, 376;

organization of a moneyed interest, 376;

apprehensions from the principles beginning to be developed, 377;

thirty-three adopted, 377.

Resignation, does it cause a vacancy?-Wm. Pinkney resigned as Representative from Maryland without taking the oath or his seat, John F. Mercer was appointed by the Governor and Council to fill the vacancy under the laws of Maryland, report on considered, 328;

under the constitution a resignation does not cause a vacancy, 328;

in the British House of Commons there can be no resignation, 329;

under the constitution Executives of States are not judges of a vacancy, 329;

great inconvenience would result from a rejection of the report, 329;

no analogy between Parliament of Great Britain and this House, 329;

no part of the constitution prohibits a member from resigning, 329;

it is uncertain how the practice of the British Parliament originated, 329;

vacancies can happen from various causes, 329;

difference between a resignation before and after taking a seat, 329;

great inconvenience of contrary course, 329;

the constitution contemplates resignations, 329;

nothing to show resignations may not take place in one House as well as in the other, 329;

report accepted, 330.

Resolution on the consideration of all bills on a second reading in the Senate, 15;

on contested election of Wm. Smith, 94;

on Executive Departments, 94;

relative to Western lands, 100;

note, 100;

adopted, 101;

relative to the admission of Rhode Island, 101;

relating to Western lands, 113;

adopted, 114;

on the establishment of a land office, 127;

for a Home department, 127;

of thanks to the Speaker at close first Congress, 129;

on adjournment, 129;

on location of seat of Government, 146;

on a central location, 146;

for the appointment of Commissioners to fix seat of Government on Susquehanna, &c., 159, 161, 163;

for Commissioners to fix site for a seat of Government, 163;

proviso offered to, 163;

rejection of, 163;

adoption of resolution, 163;

on unfinished business of last session, 171;

on non-intercourse with Rhode Island, 171;

adopted, 173;

of Senate to attend the funeral of Thomas Bland, 172;

note on, 172;

of Senate on secret article of treaty with the Creek nation, 173;

of Senate relative to a treaty with the Cherokee Indians, 174;

of thanks to the Corporation of New York city, 174;

of adjournment, 174;

of House on Chaplain, 175;

relative to an answer to the President's speech, 177;

on public credit, 190;

relative to eulogium on Dr. Franklin, 259;

on jails of the States, 308;

of the Senate, relative to open doors, 313;

on the ratio of representation, 328;

to refer petition of Catharine Greene to select committee, 341;

on the petition of Catharine Greene, 341;

lost, 341;

on the courtesies of France, 370;

on the petition of Catharine Greene, 370;

of Senate respecting open doors, 384;

on the official conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, 418;

of thanks to Speaker Dayton, 440;

of Senate relative to amendments of the constitution, 445;

of Senate relative to open doors, 448;

relative to British debts, 482;

of non-intercourse with Great Britain, 498;

on indemnity for spoliation, 503;

of amendments to the constitution 524;

on deported slaves of the Revolution, 525;

amendment, 526;

note, 526;

of thanks to Gen. Wayne and others, 542, 546;

of thanks to the militia of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, 546;

respecting losses by Pennsylvania insurgents, 554;

on excluding titled foreigners from citizenship, 557;

on the right to Indian lands within a State, 582;

relative to the case of Thomas Person and others, 583;

relative to the heirs of Count de Grasse, 583;

relative to intruders on Indian lands, 584;

relative to Indian lands in Georgia, 584;

relative to open doors in the Senate, 593;

note, 594;

in Senate on presentation of French Flag, 597;

relative to attempt at bribery, 621;

on post roads, 637;

on the treaty with Great Britain, 640, 692;

relative to the refusal of the President to furnish papers relative to the treaty with Great Britain, 696;

note, 696;

on the sense of the House relative to the British treaty, 751.

Rhode Island, Admission of.-Resolution desiring Rhode Island to take the necessary steps for admission into the Union, 101;

propriety of interfering in the matter doubtful, 101;

why interfere in the concerns of sister States who have not joined the confederacy, 101;

course of Rhode Island, 101;

not proper for this House to expose themselves to have the invitation rejected, 102;

previous question moved for the first time, 102;

reasons therefor, 102;

decided in the negative, 102;

letter from Governor of, to the President, 171;

proposal of non-intercourse with, 171;

considered in the Senate, 172;

adopted, 173;

vote for President in 1793, 385.

Robinson, Moses, Senator from Vermont, 380, 441, 520, 590.

Ross, James, Senator from Pennsylvania, 523, 591.

Rules.-Senate, committee on, in case of conference, 10;

for conducting business, Senate committee on, first Congress, 10;

of the Senate for open doors, 314.

Rum.-The word changed to distilled spirits, 28; duty on, 28.

Rutherford, John, Senator from New Jersey, 309, 380, 441, 523, 591.

Rutherford, Robert, Representative from Virginia, 455, 527, 604;

objects to the duty on salt, 506;

on the President's speech, 538;

on the reduction of salaries, 573;

on the admission of Tennessee, 754.

Rutledge, John, votes for, as Vice President in 1789, 10.

S

Salt, debate on duty on, 38; duty fixed, 41.

Salted Provisions, drawback on, fixed, 41.

Schureman, James, Representative from New Jersey, 21, 175, 255;

opposes the motion to lay duty on African slaves as improper at that time, 74.

Schuyler, Philip, Senator from New York, 16;

draws lots with Rufus King for length of term, 10, 168, 254.

Scott, Major General, resolution of thanks to, by the House, 546.

Scott, Thomas, Representative from Pennsylvania, 175, 255, 455, 530;

remarks on the principle of discrimination in laying duties, 28;

favors duty on hemp, 36; opposes duty on salt, 39;

on Western lands, 99;

on do., encouragement to emigration, 113;

plan of land-office, 115;

on selecting a seat of government, 155;

on a distinction between foreign and domestic creditors, 194;

further remarks, 197;

do. on the discrimination and liquidation of the public debt, 198;

on constitutionality and propriety of Pennsylvania memorial for the abolition of slavery, 208;

on a seat of Government, 245;

on establishment of a land office, 260;

further remarks, 261;

moves to strike out thirty cents as the price of land, 261;

on the pay of soldiers, 459;

further remarks, 460;

on the relief of the French emigrants, 474;

on exclusion of titled foreigners from citizenship, 558;

on the right to Indian lands within a State, 578;

on intruders on Indian lands, 587.

Seat of Government.-Motion to fix a permanent residence for the general Government of the United States, 145;

a spot on the banks of the Susquehanna regarded as most central, although south of the centre of population, 145;

resolution to locate on east bank of Susquehanna offered, 146;

a great national question, 146;

a preamble of general principles moved, 146;

spot on the Delaware proposed, do. on the Potomac, 146;

preamble regarded as unnecessary, 146, 147;

voted in the negative, 147;

neither centre of wealth, or population, or locality, should decide, as the future may make great changes, 147;

the several places should be considered on their merits, 147;

original motion under consideration, 148;

advantages of the banks of the Susquehanna, 148;

the whole thing arranged out doors, let its consistency with general principles be shown, 148;

answer, 148;

if Eastern members have settled the question let them settle the principles of the government, 149;

the territorial centrality on the Susquehanna denied, 149;

the place proposed comes within the general principles agreed on, 149;

cannot men consult together who have a common interest, 150;

the Susquehanna south-west of the centre of wealth, &c., 150;

the Potomac regarded as unhealthy, 150;

banks of the Potomac the best place, 150;

advantages of Harrisburg, 151;

advantages of the Potomac, 151;

advantages of the Hudson, 151;

various considerations on the subject, 152;

motion to insert Harrisburg, lost, 153;

motion to strike out "east bank of the Susquehanna," and insert Potomac, 158;

remarks thereon, 154;

motion for committee to rise, 154;

attempts to precipitate a decision, 154;

a league between the Northern States and Pennsylvania against the South, 155;

opposition in New England to the Potomac, 155;

this business should be decided under an equal attention to the rights of the community, 155;

effects of an uncentral location, 156;

seat should be the centre of the Union, 156;

Potomac the centre, 157;

facts respecting the Susquehanna, 157;

objections to the Potomac considered, 157;

arguments in favor of the Susquehanna, 158;

motion to strike out Susquehanna and insert Potomac, lost, 159;

motion to insert "or Potomac" after Susquehanna, lost, 159;

resolution for appointment of commissioners to examine, report to the President, and purchase on east bank of Susquehanna, &c., offered, 159;

the site should be ceded, 159;

the jurisdiction be exclusive, 160;

several States offered a cession, 160;

the reproach of bargaining, 160;

do. repelled, 160;

opposition of Southern members made to prevent an improper decision, 160;

motion to insert "north bank of Potomac" for east bank of Susquehanna, lost, 161;

do. to insert Wilmington, &c., lost, 161;

do. to insert Potomac, Susquehanna, or Delaware, lost, 162;

do. to insert "either side of the Delaware," &c., lost, 162;

do. to insert "banks" for east bank, carried, 162;

do. to insert "or Maryland " after Pennsylvania, lost, 162;

do. to insert "Wilmington" for city of New York, lost, 163;

do. to insert "Philadelphia" for New York, lost, 163;

bill to establish a seat of government, considered, 164;

moved to confine the choice between the mouth of Checkiselungo creek and the mouth of the Susquehanna, 164;

moved to strike out all that part of the bill making New York the temporary seat of government, as unconstitutional, 164;

bill passed, 164;

do. passed by the Senate, with amendments, and returned to the House, 165;

motion to postpone its consideration, 165;

House should not be influenced by the Senate keeping the appropriation bill as a hostage, 165;

insinuation wrongful, 165;

amendment of Senate changes the tenor of the bill, 165;

Germantown most proper spot, 165;

arguments for postponement, 166;

motion lost, 166;

motion to concur with Senate, 166;

advantages of Germantown, 166;

a costly location, 167;

a departure from every principle adopted by the House, 167;

an amendment moved and carried, 167;

on Committee of the Whole on a bill from the Senate fixing the temporary and permanent seat of government, debated, 242;

moved to strike out "Potomac" and insert "a district to include the town of Baltimore," 242;

centrality is not an idea which predominates in regard to any other country, 242;

if the clause is struck out the bill will be lost, 242;

consideration of the relative interests of the Southern, Middle, and Northern States, 243;

a central position necessary, 243;

the merits of the question, 243;

map of the Potomac, 243;

reasons in favor of Baltimore, 243;

objections to the place proposed, 244;

Philadelphia will become the permanent residence, 244;

no necessity for moving temporary residence, 244;

Potomac a national location, 244;

only three States can claim it, 244;

advantages of the Potomac, 245;

advantages and disadvantages of the two places compared, 245;

centrality of the Potomac, 245;

not the time to fix the seat of government, 245;

objections considered, 246;

New York a temporary seat, 246;

history of the Quakers, 246;

conduct of New York during the war, 247;

conduct of her Senators on this question, 247;

Baltimore the place on the map, 247;

character of New York, 247;

advantages of Baltimore, 247;

principles of the bill, 247;

no State has a right to the seat of government, 248;

report of a committee of the late Congress, 248;

Baltimore or the Potomac too far south, 248;

Baltimore nearest the centre, 248;

after present ferment has subsided, Potomac will be considered the bond of the Union, 248;

improvements on the Potomac, 248;

difficulty of ever removing from Philadelphia if made temporary residence, 248;

proceedings at last session, 248;

motion lost, 248;

moved to strike out Potomac and insert Delaware, 249;

motion lost, 249;

do. to strike out Potomac and insert Germantown, 249;

do. lost, 249;

do. to strike out Potomac and insert Baltimore, 249;

do. lost, 249;

do. to adjourn, lost, 249;

bill passed, 249;

note, 250.

Secretaries, resolution requiring attendance on the House, 390.

Secretary, of the Senate, elected by ballot, 1st Congress, 10.

Secretary of the Treasury, debate on his duties, 109;

on communicating information to the House, 111;

report of, 176;

manner of making it, 177.

See Treasury.

Secretary of War, letter from, 393.

See St. Clair.

Sedgwick, Theodore, Representative from Massachusetts, 175, 395, 455, 530, 604;

on removal of officers, 103;

on the compensation of the President, 117;

further remarks on pay of Vice President, 120, 122;

motion on the pay of members of Congress, 123;

favors discrimination in the pay of members of the two Houses, 125;

opposes a Home Department, 128;

on amount of pay of members, 130;

farther remarks, 132, 133;

on the manner of giving instructions to Representatives, 143;

on the location of a seat of Government, 150;

further remarks, 154;

on the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 183;

opposed to indiscriminate admission of foreigners, 188;

on the importance of prompt action relative to the public debt, 199;

on the immediate second reading of the Quaker Memorial, 203;

on discrimination of public creditors, 211;

on memorial of officers of navy, 241;

on price of public lands, 261;

further remarks, 262;

on vacancy in the Presidency, 267;

on excise bill, 265;

on officers, 271;

speech on the Bank of the United States, 282;

on resignation of William Pinkney, 329;

on the electoral college, 333;

on vacancy in the office of President, 335;

on official conduct of Secretary of Treasury, 426, 429;

on non-intercourse with Great Britain, 493;

on merits of indemnity resolution, and on reference, 504;

on the President's speech, 532, 539;

on indemnification sufferers by Pennsylvania insurgents, 547, 553;

on amending naturalization laws, 556, 557, 565;

on intruders on Indian lands, 585;

on the answer to the President's speech, 607;

on the support of existing establishments, 626;

on a stenographer for the House, 630;

on a salary for members of Congress, 636;

on rights of the House relative to treaties, 656;

on the admission of Tennessee, 755.

Seeny, Joshua, Representative from Maryland, 27, 175, 255, 315;

appointed on committee to draft bill on tonnage duties, 57;

urges decision relative to duty on molasses, 69;

presents the offer of ten miles square by Maryland for a seat of Government of United States, 81;

on the compensation of Vice President, 122;

opposes discrimination in the pay of members of the two Houses, 125;

approves of the Susquehanna region for a seat of Government, 161;

on constitutionality of memorial for the abolition of slavery, 203;

on discrimination among the public creditors, 226;

on memorial of officers of navy, 240;

on a seat of Government, 244;

on answer to President's message, 258;

on the election of Mercer, 328;

further remarks, 329.

Senate, members present at first meeting, 9;

adjournment from day to day for want of a quorum, 9;

session with closed doors until 1794, note, 9;

no publication of debates of, note, 9;

receives the House on the inauguration of Washington, 12;

resolution of respecting titles of President and Vice President, 14;

do. division in three classes, 14;

first executive session, 15;

confirmed the appointment of collectors, naval officers, and surveyors, 16;

mode of communication with the President, 16;

report on, 17;

do. resolution on, 17;

President consults with, note, 17;

wait upon the President and deliver their answer to the inaugural address, 18;

on ratification of treaties with Indian tribes, &c., report of committee on, 20;

conference with the House on the impost bill, 113;

results of, 113;

and House meet together to receive President's message, 168;

address of to the President, 169;

manner of presentation, 170;

when the term of office of members commenced, 171;

answer to the President's address, 253;

notice of letter of French King, 313;

answer to President's message, 313;

resolutions respecting public proceedings, 384;

special session of, 386;

answer to President's address, 383;

answer to the President's message, 444;

answer to President's message, 523;

executive journal of, 524;

answer to President's address to 1st session, 4th Congress, 594.

Sequestration of British debts.-See Great Britain.

Sevier, John, Representative from North Carolina, 260.

Sherburne, John S., Representative from New Hampshire, 455, 527, 604;

on a stenographer to the House, 630.

Sherburne, Upton, Representative from Maryland, 317.

Sherman, Roger, Representative from Connecticut, 21, 175, 255;

views on the proposition to lay duties on Madeira wine, 31;

on oaths of State officers, 53;

on necessity of impost duties, 61, 65;

on committee of conference respecting title of President, 68;

opposed to embracing African slaves in a bill for duties on goods, &c., 73;

further remarks, 74;

on limiting the period of the impost bill, 80;

further remarks, 84;

on naturalization of pauper emigrants, 84;

on admission of Rhode Island, 101;

on the removal of officers by a general law, 108;

on compensation of Vice President, 121;

offers a resolution respecting the form of amendment of the constitution, 133;

remarks, 136, 137;

do. note, 137;

on the amendment to the constitution relative to the freedom of conscience, 137;

on the right of instruction, 139;

on the place for a seat of Government, 159, 166;

on report of Secretary of the Treasury, 183;

on committee on Pennsylvania memorial, 209;

on memorial of officers of the navy, 240;

further remarks, 240;

on a seat of Government, 242;

further remarks, 248;

on answer to President's message, 257;

on vacancy in the Presidency, 267, 269;

on excise bill, 265;

further remarks, 270, 272;

on the commitment of the bill for a Bank of the United States, 273;

Senator from Connecticut, 309, 380.

Short, William, proposed to the Senate as Minister to France, 15;

his fitness considered, 15;

appointment to charge during the absence of the Minister, confirmed, 15.

Sinnickson, Thomas, Representative from New Jersey, 27, 175, 255;

on duty on beer, 34;

opposes a limit to the impost bill, 77;

further remarks, 83;

appointed on a committee to draft a bill relative to the importation of African slaves, 84.

Sitgreaves, Samuel, Representative from Pennsylvania, 604;

on the admission of Tennessee, 758.

Slavery and Slave Trade.-Address of the annual assembly of Friends in Philadelphia, and one of the society of Friends in New York, against the continuance of the slave trade, considered, 201;

motion to refer to a committee, 201;

contrary to usual proceeding to commit to-day, 201;

why is its second reading pressed to-day? 201;

reference urged, 201;

no apprehension from commitment at once-constitution secures the rights, 202;

any measures indicative of an intention to interfere may sink the value of this kind of property, 202;

men have come here to meddle in a business with which they have nothing to do, 202;

the memorialists are influenced by motives of benignity, 202;

if the importation was crushed, the value of the slave would be increased instead of diminished, 202;

if it was abolished through interference of General Government, it would evince a disposition to total emancipation, and the property be in jeopardy, 202;

is the whole morality of the United States confined to Quakers? 203;

the petition desires an unconstitutional act, 203;

no foundation for apprehension, 203;

it is proper to commit the petition, 204;

no importance to the question unless members made it so, 204;

the memorialists should be dismissed, 204;

petition laid over, 205;

memorial of Pennsylvania Society for abolition of slavery, 207;

memorial of Friends in Philadelphia read second time, 208;

petition of Friends contains unconstitutional requests, 208;

any thing unconstitutional denied, 208;

it prayed for an unconstitutional measure, and its commitment would sound alarm, 208;

strictly constitutional, 208;

no difficulty in committing the memorial-committee would understand their business, 209;

language of the constitution on the importation of slaves, 209;

it prays for the abolition of slavery, 209;

the present is not a time to consider the subject, 209;

the present a proper time to determine the constitutional limits, 209;

no power in the House to grant the prayer, and therefore unnecessary to commit, 209;

jealousy of Southern States, 210;

the States would never have entered the confederacy if their property had not been guaranteed to them, 210;

the memorialists do not ask total abolition of the slave trade, but that Congress will consider if they can exercise justice and mercy, 210;

no tendency in the commitment to break in on the constitution-the object is worthy of consideration, 211;

the interference of Congress compatible with the constitution, 211;

nothing in the petition like what was complained of, 211;

the petitioners pray Congress to take measures for abolition of slave trade, 211;

commitment carried, 211;

debate on the report upon the memorial of the people called Quakers, 229;

moved to strike out the first paragraph, 229;

contents of report, 229;

total prohibition not produce difficulties, 229;

particulars which took place in the course of the investigation of the business, 229;

pernicious consequences likely to flow from interference of Congress, 229;

humane treatment of the slaves, 229;

Quakers enemies of freedom, 229;

warm altercation, 229;

injustice of the measure of interference, 230;

powers of Congress respecting slavery and slave trade, 230;

an indecent attack on the character of certain States, 230;

interference contrary to Quaker principles, 230;

where does the power of manumission reside? 230;

plans of the friends of emancipation, 231;

negroes are inferior race, 231;

slavery is no new thing, 231;

does slavery weaken the Southern States? 231;

is public opinion against slavery? 232;

this squeamishness is very extraordinary, 232;

consequences of emancipation, 233;

if importation prohibited, will that species become extinct? 233;

will the abolition strengthen South Carolina? 233;

does toleration of slavery bring reproach on America? 233;

does slavery vitiate and debase the mind of the owner? 234;

was South Carolina wanting in patriotism? 234;

the cruel mode of transportation, 235;

the clause in the constitution was designed to apply expressly to negro slaves, 235;

now is the time to declare the sense of Congress, 236;

irregularities of the course of the debate, 236;

Paley on slavery, 236;

the genius of the government in relation to slavery and slave trade, 237;

characters of the signers of the memorials, 237;

character of Franklin, 238;

moved to take up report of Committee of the Whole, 238;

every principle of policy and concern for the dignity of the House and peace of the country requires it to be dropped, 238;

reasons for taking it up, 238;

ordered that report and memorials be inserted in the journal, 338;

note, 239. See Duties on imports, 73.

Abolition Petitions.-Petition of Warner Mifflin on negro slavery considered, 397;

after what has passed, the subject is started again, 397;

if a stop is not put to such proceedings, the Southern States would be compelled to apply to the General Government for their interference, 397;

moved that the paper be returned to the Clerk, &c., 397;

on the general principle every citizen has a right to petition the Legislature, 397;

the subject is not properly before the House, 397;

every citizen has a right to petition for a redress of grievances, but the present paper is mere rant, and concludes with no specific prayer, 397;

if favorably received, it would occasion alarm in the Southern States, 397;

motion agreed to, 397.

To prohibit carrying on the slave trade, bill considered, 480;

amendments proposed, 480;

ordered to be engrossed, 480.

To require foreigners to renounce their slaves before admission to citizenship-motion, 558;

debate thereon, 558;

motion withdrawn, 560;

do. renewed, 566;

do. vote on, 566.

Slaves, African.-Duty on importation, proposed, 73;

debated, 73;

deported, of the Revolution, 525;

importation of, see Duties on imports.

Smilie, John, Representative from Pennsylvania, 455, 528;

on the pay of soldiers, 459;

on the relief of the French emigrants, 474;

on the preparations for the Algerine War, 478;

against increase of the army, 515;

on reference of letter of Secretary of War, 568.

Smith, Isaac, Representative from New Jersey, 604;

on the rights of the House relative to treaties, 675.

Smith, Israel, Representative from Vermont, 317, 388, 455, 527, 604.

Smith, Jeremiah, Representative from New Hampshire, 315, 388, 455, 527, 604;

on election of President, 334.

Smith, Nathaniel, Representative from Connecticut, 609.

Smith, Samuel, Representative from Maryland, 455, 555, 605;

on the reception of the French emigrants from St. Domingo, 462;

do. on the relief of do., 474;

on the commerce of the United States, 473;

on the Algerine War, 476;

on the sequestration of British debts, 483;

on the renunciation of nobility for citizenship, 562;

on establishing Indian trading houses, 639;

on the execution of the British treaty, 732;

on the army establishment, 760.

Smith, William, Representative from Maryland, 21, 175, 255;

opposes high duties, 33;

appointed on Committee of Supplies, 46;

opposes law of tonnage duties, 54;

on the site for the seat of Government, 166.

Smith, William, Representative from South Carolina, 27, 175, 255, 315, 388, 455, 527, 604;

his eligibility, 33;

opposes duty on salt, as it will lead to dissatisfaction, 39;

opposes present consideration of duty on African slaves, 73;

favors limiting the period of impost bill, 79;

on power of President to remove Secretary of State, 86;

remarks on diseligibility, 94;

on the President's power of removal, 102;

on the compensation of Vice President, 122;

on the mode of amending the constitution, 134;

further remarks, 136;

on the obligation of instructions, 139;

on the constitutional requirement for a seat of Government, 159;

reports an answer to the President's speech, 178;

on the propriety of restraints to naturalization, 186;

further remarks, 188;

offers resolutions on public credit, 190;

benefits of a funded debt, 191;

fund or pay, 200;

opposes reception of the Quaker memorial, 203;

unnecessary to commit Pennsylvania memorial, 209;

further remarks, 211, 230;

discrimination of public creditors, 214;

on answer to President's message, 257;

further remarks, 257, 258;

on a seat of Government, 248;

offers resolution relative to eulogium of Dr. Franklin, 259;

on vacancy in the Presidency, 267, 269;

on the commitment of the bill for a Bank of the United States, 272;

speech on the bank, 291;

further, 296;

is a resignation a constitutional vacancy? 329;

on emblems on American coins, 371;

on discharging the committee on defeat of St. Clair, 393;

on reduction of the army, 400;

reports a bill to regulate the claims of invalid pensions, 406;

reports mode of examining votes for President, &c., 417;

on reference to Committee of the Whole the resolutions relative to the official conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, 418;

on official conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, 422;

on the result of the votes on, 439;

on the commerce of the United States, 464;

on the propriety of sequestering the British debts, 485;

in favor of continuing the embargo, 499, 502;

urges duties on manufactured tobacco and refined sugar, 507, 509;

on the delegate south of the Ohio, 529;

on the President's speech, 534;

on thanks to General Wayne, 542, 543;

on damages by Pennsylvania insurgents, 547;

on the renunciation of titles for citizenship, 563, 565;

on reference of the letter of the Secretary of War, 567;

on the reduction of salaries, 573;

on the right to Indian lands within a State, 577;

on the attempt at bribery by Robert Randall, 609;

on the Randall bribery case, 614;

on the resolution relative to bribery, 621;

on the support of existing establishments, 625;

on call for papers relative to British treaty, 640;

on the rights of the House relative to treaties, 651;

on the admission of Tennessee, 756;

on the military and naval appropriation, 764, 765, 766.

Snuff, duty fixed, 41.

Spirits, all other, duty on, 113.

Sprigg, Thomas, Representative from Maryland, 458, 566.

South Carolina, vote for President, 10, 385.

Stanton, Joseph, Jr., Senator from Rhode Island, 254, 309, 383.

State Department, bill to establish, considered, 15;

Secretary of, called before the Senate to give explanations, 16;

practice now superseded, note, 16. See Executive Department.

State, Secretary of, mode of appointment, 86;

how removed, debate on, 86.

St. Clair, General, defeat of, considered, 390;

resolution requiring the attendance of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of War in the House, to furnish information needed for an investigation of the causes of St. Clair's defeat, 390;

moved to strike out so much as requires the attendance of the Secretaries, 390;

resolution improper-the Secretaries are not impeached, 391;

importance of the information they can give, 391;

the information had better be in writing, 391;

the measure would introduce a bad precedent, 391;

a thorough investigation, highly important, 391;

this mode the best possible, 391;

not necessary in the present state of the business, 391;

the information must be had, 391;

no advantage to arise from adopting the resolution, 391;

now is not the proper time to call for information, 392;

remarks on the report, 392;

importance of the investigation, a million dollars involved, 392;

peculiar position of the Secretaries, 392;

both implicated in the failure of the expedition, 392;

resolution lost, 393;

motion to discharge the Committee of the Whole, 393;

the only proper course is to consider the report, 393;

report perfectly satisfactory, 393;

what is the situation of those implicated in the failure? 394;

no disposition to smother inquiry, 394;

the House can get through the subject in a shorter time than a committee, 394;

shall the House or a select committee establish the facts, 394;

effects of finding some of the officers culpable by either, 394;

uniform practice of the House to recommit, 394;

Secretaries attended only once on the committee, and were anxious to leave, 395;

in the case of the contested election the House reserved the right of establishing the facts, 395;

other points considered, 395;

recommitment agreed to, 395.

Steel, Unwrought, duty on, proposed, 35;

adopted, 36.

Steele, John, Representative from North Carolina, 315, 388;

on ratio of Representation, 322;

on discharging committee in case of St. Clair, 395;

on petition of Warner Mifflin on negro slavery, 397;

on the reduction of the army, 398;

further remarks, 403, 407, 411.

Sterrett, Samuel, Representative from Maryland, 315, 410.

Stenographer to the House, debate on, 629;

object to find a person who would satisfy the House and the public, 630;

other considerations urged, 631, 632.

Stone, Michael Jenifer, Representative from Maryland, 102, 175;

on the compensation of the President, 117;

further remarks on amount, 119;

do. Vice President, 122;

opposes discrimination in the pay of members of the two Houses, 126;

on the mode of amending the constitution, 135;

further remarks, 135;

opposes the amendment of constitution relative to the right of instruction, 141;

on the location of a seat of Government, 152;

do. on Harrisburg as a seat, 153;

further remarks, 166;

on the powers of Congress and rights of the States respecting naturalized citizens, 188;

thinks interference with the importation of African slaves will tend to depreciate their value, 202;

on discrimination among the public creditors, 221;

on memorial of officers of navy, 240;

on a seat of Government, 243;

on price of public lands, 261;

further remarks, 262;

on excise bill, 263;

further remarks, 267, 271;

speech on the Bank of the United States, 292.

St. Paul's Chapel, service at, upon the inauguration of Washington, 12.

Strong, Caleb, Senator from Massachusetts, 9, 168, 309, 380, 445, 523, 591;

on committee on rules of first Congress, 10;

on manner of electing chaplains, 10;

on rules of business, 10;

appointed on Judiciary Committee, first Congress, 19;

on committee to wait on Vice President, 11;

on the resolution relative to the presentation of the French flag, 598.

Sturges, Jonathan, Representative from Connecticut, 21, 175,

255, 315, 388.

Sugars, duty on, 33.

Sumter, Thomas, Representative from North Carolina, 175, 320, 388;

on the location of a seat of Government, 151;

opposition to bill organizing State Department, 108;

on the petition of Catharine Greene, 338, 341.

Swanwick, John, Representative from Pennsylvania, 604;

on establishing Indian trading houses, 625, 634;

on a stenographer for the House, 629, 631;

on rights of the House relative to treaties, 642;

on the execution of the British treaty, 707;

on the sense of the House relative to the British treaty, 751.

Swift, Zephaniah, Representative from Connecticut, 457, 527, 604;

on conducting the Algerine war, 478;

on the legality of sequestering the British debts, 491;

on the constitutionality of admitting a territorial delegate, 528, 530;

on indemnification to sufferers by Pennsylvania insurgents, 547, 548, 552;

on establishing Indian trading houses, 624;

on the pay of the Speaker, 638, 639;

on the resolutions relative to the refusal of the President to furnish papers on the British treaty, 701.

Sylvester, Peter, Representative from New York, 43, 175, 255, 315, 389;

on oaths of State officers, 52;

favors limitation of impost bill, 83;

on the impeachment clause of the constitution, 88;

on Pennsylvania memorial, 209.

T

Talbot, Silas, Representative from New York, 455.

Tanners of Newark, N. J., petition of, 360;

referred to committee, 364;

do. of New York, 370.

Tatom, Absalom, Representative from North Carolina, 604.

Taylor, John, Senator from Virginia, 445;

do. resigned, 524.

Tazewell, Henry, Senator from Virginia, 524, 594;

on answer to President's speech, 596;

on resolutions relative to presentation of French flag, 600.

Teas, duty on, considered, 32;

proposed duty on, 41;

debated, 41;

duty fixed, 42.

Telfair, Edward, votes for, as Vice President, in 1789, 10.

Tennessee, bill for laying out, before the Senate, 601.

Tennessee, Admission of, report relative to territory south of the Ohio River considered, 754;

the people inhabiting any territory of the United States, cannot of their mere will and pleasure, and without the consent of Congress, erect themselves into a separate and independent State, 754;

a law might be passed now to provide for it, 754;

no reason for objecting to receive those people as a State, 755;

the State Government is already organized and in operation, 755;

statement of proceeding in Tennessee, 755;

under the ordinance they had a clear right to be admitted, for they had the population required, 755;

one State preferable to two, 755;

the Government is Republican, and the population adequate to admit the State at once, 756;

course of proceeding which should have been taken, 756;

terms of the compact considered, 757;

constructions of the compact, 758;

right claimed for the people, 759;

resolution reported by committee adopted, 759;

moved that some law should be passed by Congress recognizing the territory as a State before they were admitted into the Union-negatived, 759.

Territories.-See Delegate from Territories.

Thatcher, George, Representative from Massachusetts, 21, 175, 255, 315, 388, 455, 527, 604;

on duty on molasses, 29;

do. on salt beef, 34;

on the flag of the Union, 461;

on the Randall bribery case, 615.

Thomas, Richard, Representative from Pennsylvania, 604.

Thompson, Charles, appointed by the Senate to notify Washington of his election, 10;

writes to the Senate respecting his notification of Washington, 11.

Thompson, Mark, Representative from New Jersey, 604.

Title of President and Vice President, 11;

House committee thereon, 12;

report of same made, 12;

message from the House thereon, 13;

committee of conference appointed by Senate, 13;

consideration of original report postponed, 14;

disagreement of committee of conference, 14;

resolution of the Senate respecting the same, 14;

report of House committee thereon, 47;

message from Senate on, 58;

message from Senate-debate thereon, 65;

debate on resolution against a committee of conference with the Senate on titles of President and Vice President, 65;

constitution prescribes the power of the House respecting titles, 66;

a committee of conference should not be appointed because it is a subject which the House has no right to consider, 66;

the House agreed no title should be conferred, and a joint committee so reported, but the Senate resolved upon a title, and ask our concurrence, 66;

excite alarm among those who fear that the constitution is hostile to popular liberty, 66;

to countenance such a measure would be an indignity to the House, 66;

conference unnecessary, 67;

a respect due to the Senate, 67;

titles harmless, 67;

add no power, 67;

they diminish the true dignity and importance of a Republic, 67;

a committee of conference very proper, 67;

a committee unnecessary, 67;

umbrage should not be given to the Senate, 67;

no purpose secured by a committee, 67;

subject better be dropped, 68;

the proposition of a title is trifling with the dignity of the Government, 68;

a committee of conference could be appointed without seeming to countenance the measure, 68;

after having adopted the report of the committee it would derogate from their dignity to rescind a unanimous resolution, 68;

committee appointed, 69.

Tobacco, manufactured, duty fixed, 41.

Tonnage Duties, proposed, 23;

debate thereon, 48, 53;

fixed, 57;

method of discussing the subject, note, 57. See Duties on Tonnage.

Tracy, Uriah, Representative from Connecticut, 455, 527, 604;

on duties on tobacco and sugar, 510;

on the President's speech, 533;

on exclusion of titled foreigners from citizenship, 558, 564;

on reference of letter of Secretary of War, 569;

on the rights of the House relative to treaties, 672.

Treasury Department.-See Executive Departments.

Treasury, Report of Secretary of.-Motion that the Secretary of the Treasury's report be in writing, 177;

if he reports in person he can answer inquiries, 177;

propriety doubted, 177;

if the report is written it will be better understood, 177;

the importance and extent of the subject is such it should be in writing, 177;

motion carried, 177;

report under consideration, 182;

postponement moved, 182;

it embraces two important objects: first, that all idea of discrimination

among the public creditors as original holders and transferees, ought to be

done away; second, the assumption of the State debts by the General Government, 182;

the States should be consulted, 182;

a considerable postponement required, 182;

speculation is rife-if postponed too long fluctuations will be still greater, 182;

postponed until North Carolina enters the Union, 183;

Congress possess all the information necessary to act on the measure, 183;

speculation has existed since the securities were first issued, 183;

the subject of the State debts should not be decided until the sense of the Legislatures is known, 183;

the postponement should be long enough to enable members to enter on the task with understanding, and the spirit of speculation should be counteracted at the earliest practicable period, 183;

impossible to suppress speculation, 183;

the policy of speculation, 184;

the speculation arisen since the report was denounced, 184;

objects of the report submitted in the form of independent resolutions, 190;

assumption of State debts considered, 191;

doubtful if a permanent funded debt is beneficial or not, 191;

history of funded debts, 191;

a precedent that will bring ruin, 191;

debts of the States unknown, 192;

the funding will occasion enormous taxes for interest, 192;

all that can be done is to provide funds for the gradual extinction, 192;

funding a small debt is beneficial, 192;

we have a debt already and some funds must be appropriated for payment of interest, 192;

the foreign and domestic debt carry very material distinctions, 193;

the domestic securities should be considered in a depreciated state, 193;

an equivalent was not received for them in hard cash like the foreign debt, 193;

domestic debt should be liquidated at its real value, 193;

terms proposed by the Secretary, 193;

the Government is in a very different situation with respect to foreign and domestic creditors, 194;

we are not judges of the claims of our creditors, but parties to the contract, 194;

if we are parties, what would be the decision before a court of justice, 194;

the French loans, 195;

no distinction between foreign and domestic creditors, 195;

the face of the paper is our guide, the demand is not to be lessened, 195;

if it is intended to reduce either, the principles on which such a measure is founded should be considered, 195;

nature of the public contract, 196;

the same argument might be applied to paying the Continental debts at their nominal value, 196;

the present Government should pay the debts of the United States, but as the domestic part has been contracted in depreciated notes, less than six per cent. interest should be paid on it, 196;

if the Government is one party and the individual the other, who is the judge? 197;

can two parties exist in a well organized government to dispute about property and have no judge? 197;

is not the want of consideration a good plea? 197;

we stand in the same condition as the late Congress, who are admitted to be parties, 197;

the Government should be at liberty to ascertain the amount of the debts assumed as the motion contemplates, 197;

discrimination and liquidation the two great points involved, 198;

manner in which the debt was contracted, 198;

if the certificates, at the time they were issued, were taken for only a small part of their face, they should not now be raised to the full amount, 198;

debts of the United States of four kinds, 199;

their character, 199;

the subject should be decided at this time, 199;

a discrimination of some kind necessary, 200;

three classes of creditors, 200;

the obligations of each considered, 200.

To discriminate between original creditors and present holders, &c., moved, 205;

extent and form in which the debt exists, 205;

the United States owes the value they have received, and which they acknowledge, 205;

to whom is payment really due? 205;

four classes of creditors, 205;

the principles that govern the decision of their respective pretensions considered, 205, 206;

motion to amend original proposition, 207;

the debt is still due, and if the owner has transferred it shall we disown his act? 207;

the nature of contracts, 211;

their transferability, 212;

the property of the certificates is now vested in the transferees, 212;

if they are now divested by Government, it is an ex post facto law, 212;

the proposed discrimination, 212;

effects of, 213;

this doctrine repugnant to the interests and prosperity of the Union, 213;

the States are restrained from passing laws violating contracts, 213;

public justice requires a performance of contracts, 213;

the new paper given might be subject to another liquidation on the same principle, 214;

the proposition is unjust, impolitic, and impracticable, 214;

strict justice the plain line of conduct, 215;

other objections, 215;

the debt is the price of our liberties, and cannot be diminished a farthing, but the measure proposed does diminish it, 215;

the obligation of the debt is not denied, the difficulty is how it shall be discharged, 216;

the justice of discrimination, 216;

the army repudiate discrimination, 217;

no Legislature should interfere with a contract-but it does not appear that the transaction between the original holders and the purchasers of certificates was a fair one, 217;

other points in favor of the measure, 218;

justice or legality of the measure-its practicability or policy and consequences, 219;

the claim of the soldier just, 219;

state of public opinion, 220;

seven-eighths of the debt has not been disposed of from necessity, 220;

inequitability of the measure not shown, 221;

how far will this measure operate as a precedent? 221;

a review of the grounds upon which the proposition has been combated, 223;

the United States cannot pay in full original creditors or assignees, what course is just and expedient? 226;

all parties understood there would be no discrimination in certificates transferable, 227;

other objections examined, 227;

the ability of the Government and the claims of assignees, 228;

motion lost, 228;

note, 228, 250.

Official Conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, considered, 418;

moved that nine resolutions on the subject be referred to the Committee of the Whole, 418;

discussion of them unnecessary and unwarranted, 418;

much time be wasted on them, 419;

objections to the first resolution, 419;

do. second do., 419;

do. third do. 419;

the last one objectionable, for the preceding ones determine the guilt and the last directs the President to remove the Secretary, 419;

too short time remaining to consider the resolutions, 420;

the abstract propositions should be decided first, the others are unwarranted by facts, 420;

most unheard of course against a party accused, 420;

no opportunity offered for defence, 420;

the first resolution of great importance, 420;

the Secretary differs from others in his opinion respecting his powers and the constitutional obligation respecting the acts of appropriation, 420;

shall the Secretary be bound by our acts of appropriation or not? 421;

the first resolution is no part of the others, but should be determined, 421;

all referred excepting the first, second, and ninth resolutions, 421;

the third resolution, charging that the Secretary had violated the law by applying a certain portion of the principal borrowed to the payment of interest falling due on the principal, which was not authorized, and by drawing part of the same moneys into the United States without the instructions of the President, considered, 421;

what regards the right of drawing money into the country, 421;

the case examined 422;

the charges of mismanagement so long before the public have now assumed shape, 422;

change in the tone of the charges since the session commenced, 422;

no self-interested pecuniary considerations imputed to the Secretary, 423;

the charge consists of two items, 423;

each examined in detail, 423.

No greatness of character known in the Executive Departments, 424;

was the money appropriated to special and distinct purposes, and did the Secretary apply the money to other uses than the law directed? 424;

both points considered, 424;

if a responsible officer has violated the laws he should be called to account, 425;

the testimony compared with the facts, 425; can any necessity be shown for deviations from positive law? 426;

attempt to show that the Legislature were not ignorant of the drafts of the Secretary, 426;

money borrowed in Europe was economically applied to paying interest there, 426;

the inquiry is, whether a debt was paid out of this or that fund, 426;

the whole business reviewed, 426;

even if the Secretary made the drafts without the instructions of the President, it is not probably reprehensible, 426;

the act was not a financial operation to avoid the necessity of drawing and remitting, 427;

the interest was not paid out of the principal of the loan, 427;

the President is the principal and the Secretary the agent, 427;

impossible to account for the conduct of the Secretary, 427;

to judge of his conduct we must consider his duties, and whether a necessity existed to justify his drawing, 427;

if the Secretary has paid what was due, what, then, is the complaint, 428;

no law has been violated, nor any rule of propriety departed from, 428;

the drafts were made agreeably to the instructions of the President, 429;

did the authority from the President and his subsequent instructions authorize the Secretary to consolidate the loans? if so, he acted legally, 429;

both charges examined, 430;

the reports of the committee, 481;

the questions now are questions of fact, 431;

these facts are too clearly supported by the reports of the Secretary and accompanying documents to be denied or controverted, 431;

this position investigated, 431;

can the Executive, without special permission, apply the excess of one fund to the deficiency of another? 433;

the drawing money without the instructions of the President established by the documents, 433;

both points rest on the most solid proofs, 434;

on the necessity of sometimes departing from the strictness of legal appropriations, 434;

the authority of the Secretary in the special case of loans must be derived from the President, 435;

the recent drafts, 435.

No proof to support the charges, 436;

if there had been, there is nothing criminal in them, 436;

insufficient reports of the Secretary, 437;

third resolution disagreed to, 438;

fourth resolution disagreed to, 438;

fifth resolution disagreed to, 438;

sixth resolution disagreed to, 438;

seventh resolution disagreed to, 439;

eighth resolution disagreed to, 439;

after such a large vote the Secretary cannot be criminated, 439;

review of the arguments against the Secretary, 439.

Treaty with Great Britain.-Ratification of, 525;

note, 525, 639;

resolution calling for papers relative to the treaty with Great Britain, 640;

reasons for calling for the papers, 640;

opposed for want of a declared object within cognizance of the House, and because it was the groundwork of the dangerous doctrine that the House had a right to adjudge, adopt, or to reject treaties generally, 640;

no other source of information, 640;

constitutional questions likely to arise in course of debate, 640;

does the general power of making treaties supersede the powers of the House and leave it only an executive and ministerial instrumental agency? 641;

no propriety in the resolution, and no question of the constitutionality of the treaty, 641;

House has a right to inquire into the conduct of the officers concerned, 641;

preceding arguments reviewed, 641;

is the power of the President and Senate as to treaties complete? 641;

power of control of English House of Commons, 642;

true meaning of the power of appropriation in the constitution, 642;

a discretion exists in the House, 642;

legislative power completely vested in Congress-to pass laws discretion is implied-the House must judge when it is required to act, 642;

words of the constitution respecting treaties, 643;

papers unnecessary, and to call for them is an unconstitutional and improper interference with the Executive Department, 643;

the House has a right to ask for the papers, because their co-operation and sanction was necessary to carry the treaty into effect-because

they had full discretion to give or refuse that co-operation, and must be guided in the exercise of that discretion by the merits and expediency of the treaty, 644;

what treaties unconstitutional, 644;

consequences of the treaty power being unlimited and undefined, 645;

House has a check on treaty-making power, 645;

authorities referred to, 645;

propriety of the resolution, 647;

what powers has the constitution given, and to what departments have they been distributed? 647;

view of legislative and treaty-making powers, 648;

how is the will of the people expressed in the constitution to be understood? 648;

different constructions of the constitution, 649;

extent of the treaty-making power in relation to the objects specially and expressly submitted to the legislative power of Congress, 650;

treaty power solely delegated to the President and Senate, 651;

practice of Congress, 652;

there are cases in which the House has not the right of withholding appropriations, 652;

is there any provision in the constitution by which the House can check the treaty-making power, or question the merits of treaties under any circumstances? 653;

review of arguments, 654;

must resort to the constitution to know the extent and limits of our power, 657;

arguments against the exclusive treaty-making power considered, 658;

this doctrine is inconsistent with the constitution and the law of nations, 659;

the state of the question, 660;

words of the constitution, 660;

have we a right to exercise our judgment on the treaty? is the question, 661;

depends on a rational construction of the fundamental principles of government, as drawn from the histories of nations, 661;

construction of the constitution, 662;

the treaty is now the law of the land, and no act of Congress is or can be necessary to make it so, 662;

no right to require papers where there is no obligation to obey, 664;

different kinds of treaties, 664;

power given to Congress to regulate commerce considered, 665;

if these sentiments prevail, the small States would be deprived of one of their most essential rights, 666;

when treaties contain stipulations bearing a relation to the specific power vested in the Legislature, the House has a right to take cognizance of it, as it is proved by three considerations, 666;

these examined, 667;

the express words of the constitution will not support either position without a liberty of construction-what construction is most agreeable to the general principles of the constitution? 668;

exposition of the constitution and the position of the opposition, 660;

the right to call for papers sanctioned by the uniform practice of the House, 670;

practice in cases of former treaties, 671;

note, 671;

view of the constitutional rights of the House, 671;

these rights considered in two points of view, 672;

case of the proclamation of neutrality, 674;

the construction of the constitution advanced, 674;

explanation of the original resolution, 675;

does the treaty operate by way of obligation? 676;

is it paramount to a law, and can it repeal law, although itself cannot be acted upon by the legislative power? 677;

this question considered, 677;

objections to the power of the House considered, 678;

precedents examined relative to a call for papers, 681;

objections urged by the advocates of the power of the House considered, 682, 683;

authority of the United States examined, 685;

the House cannot legislate without information, 686;

what does the constitution say? 686;

if the doctrines now urged prevail, they will make inroads on the constitution, 687;

the propriety of calling for papers if the Legislature have no part in making treaties, 687;

points of the subjects reviewed, 688;

duty to look into every treaty, 690;

what was the constitution of the United States? 690;

resolution as offered, 692;

passed, 692; note, 692.

Message of the President declining to send papers, 693;

note, 693;

debate on reference of the answer, 694, 695;

answer referred to Committee of the Whole, 696;

resolutions introduced relative to the class of treaties over which the House claims a right of judgment, and limits it to those which involve a matter which has been specially granted to Congress, 696;

important occasion when two of the constituted authorities of the Government interpret differently the extent of their respective powers? 696;

message considered, 697;

it related to two points, the application for the papers and the constitutional rights of Congress and of the House of Representatives on the subject of treaties, 697;

these points examined, 698, 699, 700, 701;

resolutions adopted, 702;

note, 702.

Execution of the Treaty, considered, 702;

resolution to carry it into effect, 702;

the proposition must be determined by the fact of whether the treaty was a good one, or whether there were extraneous reasons for putting it in force, 703;

the merits of the treaty considered as it relates to the execution of the treaty of 1783, as it determines the several points in the law of nations, and as it respects the commerce between the two nations, 703, 704, 705;

extraneous circumstances-the treaty continues two years-consequences of not carrying it into effect, 706;

principles of the treaty considered, 707;

merits of the treaty, 707;

admission to British ports, 707;

article respecting British debts, 707;

sequestration of debts, 707;

articles of a temporary nature considered, 709;

Burke on the commerce of the American colonies, 710;

points which pressed themselves on the negotiation and demanded provision, 711, 712;

the contents of the treaty examined, 714, 715, 716, 717;

the commercial part of the treaty examined, 718;

want of reciprocity in the instrument, 720;

view of the origin of the treaty-party dissensions which then prevailed, 720;

critical posture of our affairs, &c., considered, 720, 721;

objected against the treaty that a claim for negroes and other property taken at New York had been overlooked, 722;

has not the ownership of the property changed under the law of nations? 722;

correspondence of the commissioners, 723, 724;

consequences if the treaty is rejected, 725;

treaty is unconstitutional and pernicious, 726;

if the treaty is executed we admit the ground taken by the Executive, 728;

merits of the treaty, 729;

prejudice against the treaty in the public mind, 729;

the permanent and the temporary part of the treaty considered, 730;

the only question is, whether they would or would not appropriate money to carry the treaty into effect, 730;

objections to the treaty considered, 731;

the negotiation was advisable, and the only means of avoiding war, 734;

consequences of rejecting the treaty, 734;

three objects embraced in the treaty, 735;

on the expediency of carrying the treaty into effect, 736, 737;

free bottoms make free goods, 737;

effects of rejecting the treaty, 738, 739;

treaty of 1783, 741;

threats of war if treaty rejected, 742;

constitutional rights of the House to be looked at with candor, 744;

will we observe the treaty or break it? is the only question, 745;

consequences of its rejection, 746, 747;

the good and prosperity of the people should be the primary object, 748;

notwithstanding the objections to the treaty the appropriations ought to be granted, 749;

resolution carried in committee by vote of the Chairman, 750.

Resolution offered in the House expressive of its opinion of the treaty, 751;

debate on its propriety, 751;

amendment lost-resolutions for executing the treaty passed, 753;

note, 754.

Tredwell, Thomas, Representative from New York, 315, 388, 457, 528.

Trumbull, Jonathan, Representative from Connecticut, 21, 175, 255, 315, 388, 455, 527;

on a committee to report a bill regulating oaths, 22;

elected Speaker, 315;

speech on taking the chair, 315;

moves an amendment to the bill on the slave trade, 480;

Senator from Connecticut, 591.

Tucker, Thomas Tudor, Representative from South Carolina, 21, 175, 255, 315, 388;

takes part in the debates on laying duties on imports, 25;

opposes duty on salt beef, 34;

do. on candles, 34;

on duty on unwrought steel, 35;

opposes duty on nails, 38;

opposes duty on salt as unequal, 39;

on high duties, 44;

favors low tonnage duties, 56;

advocates moderate duties on imports, 57, 58;

opposes the appointment of committee of conference in reference to title of President, 66;

favors reduction of duty on molasses, if those on other articles are reduced, 69;

repels insinuation of a bargain, 69;

opposes the motion to lay a duty on African slaves, 74;

gives reason for his vote on limitation of the impost bill, 83;

on the Treasury Department, 109;

on compensation of President, 117;

further remarks on same, 119;

on the difficulty of amending the constitution, 144;

on the principles which should control the selection of a seat of Government, 147;

further remarks, 152;

on a short period of residence for naturalization, 185;

further remarks, 187, 190;

favors discrimination among the public creditors, 200;

urges the dismission of the Quaker memorial, 205;

on the commitment of the bill for a Bank of the United States, 273.

Turner, George, memorial of, 335.