Chapter 2 No.2

Animism 145

§ 1. What is Animism?-Hyperphysical and psychological Animism. Not all savages think that every man has a separable soul 145-7

§ 2. Psychological Animism.-That everything is animated not an universal or primitive illusion. Animatism. Causes of the treatment of some inanimate things as living or sentient 147-53

§ 3. The Ghost Theory.-Originated chiefly by dreams; which are regarded as objective experience 153-7

§ 4. Extension of the Ghost Theory to Animals.-Influence of shadows and reflections. Generally, only things individually interesting have ghosts. Examples 157-60

§ 5. Ghosts and Soul-stuff.-Separated spirits need bodies and food, that is, soul-stuff. Abstract ideas of "spirit," "force," etc. 161-4

§ 6. Ghosts and Spirits.-Ghosts first imagined, and other spirits on their model. Some spirits, formerly ghosts, now declared not to have been; others never incarnate 164-9

§ 7. How Ghosts and Spirits are imagined.-Have the same attributes, and not at first immaterial; confused with the corpse. Various conceptions. Number of souls to each body. External souls 169-73

§ 8. Origin and Destiny of Souls.-Reincarnation-Transmigration-Liable to second death. Place of the departed. Importance of next life resembling the present 174-7

§ 9. The Treatment of Ghosts.-Results partly from fear, partly from affection. Funerary rites-extravagance and economy. Simplicity of ghosts. Inconsistent behaviour toward them 178-82

§ 10. Evolution and Dissolution of Animism.-Popular and priestly Animism. Different emotions excited by ghosts and by gods 182-6